UAS BAHASA INGGRIS
1. What is an abstract
A brief, written explanation
of the research project, consisting of a succinct description of the project’s
purpose, the procedures followed, the data collected, and the conclusions
reached.
A clear and simple summary
statement of the main points of the experiment
A self-contained statement
that must make sense all by itself.
2. step of developing an abstract
Begin with a Research Project Prospectus to outline the research project. A prospectus helps the researcher identify the nature and scope of the investigation, research methods, and anticipated conclusions and/or applications. An example of such a prospectus follows:
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Possible Title: Name: School: |
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Purpose of project / experiment In a sentence of 25 words or fewer, explain the reason for your research project or a hypothesis you have selected to test. |
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Methods of research Explain in a sentence or two how you plan to research your topic. What methods will you use? What resources will you need? |
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Data/Observations Determine what data do you need to collect and what difficulties you may encounter as you research. |
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Conclusions/Applications Explain in a sentence or two what results you anticipate your research will produce. What conclusions or applications do you hope to be able to explain? |
2. Once the research is completed and you are ready to show your project, use an Abstract Template to write a draft of the abstract. The following example was created using a table format in a Word document.
3. aspect of research should be included in an abstract
Emphasize these aspects: purpose (hypothesis), methods, scope, results, conclusions, and recommendations
Purpose, Methods, Data Observations, Conclusions Applications
BACKGROUND, OBJECTIVE , METHODS , RESULTS , CONCLUSION
Sample Abstract Template
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Title Name School |
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Purpose of project / experiment:
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Summarize procedures, emphasizing the key points or steps:
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Detail succinctly observations/data/results:
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State conclusions/applications. |
4. Language aspects to be considered when writing and revising abstract in terms of language
There are six main characteristics of effective language. Effective language is: (1) concrete and specific, not vague and abstract; (2) concise, not verbose; (3) familiar, not obscure; (4) precise and clear, not inaccurate or ambiguous; (5) constructive, not destructive; and (6) appropriately formal.
5. revision technique
6. The power of a single talk or presentation
7. definition of idea
8. What matters most in public speaking
9. Characterization or characteristics of an idea for a presentation or public speaking
10. “Language aspect of presentation
11. Throughline
12. the importance of editing
13. presenter’s main concern and consideration presentation
14. Primacy-Recency Effects
15. error in opening of presentation
16. The importance of closing
17. strong start of a presentation
- Deliver a dose of drama
- Ignite curiosity
- Show a compelling slide, video, or object
- Tease, but don’t give it away
18. way to close a presentation
- Camera pull-back
- Call to action
- Personal commitment
- Values and vision
- Satisfying encapsulation
- Narrative symmetry
- Lyrical inspiration
19. Which of the following is a bad way to close a presentation with?
20. connection with the audience?
- Get Personal
- MAKE EYE CONTACT, RIGHT FROM THE START
- SHOW VULNERABILITY
- MAKE ’EM LAUGH—BUT NOT SQUIRM!
- PARK YOUR EGO
- TELL A STORY
- AH, POLITICS
21. Reading Text
The microbiome is essential for human development, immunity and nutrition. The bacteria living in and on us are not invaders but beneficial colonizers. Autoimmune diseases such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, and fibromyalgia are associated with dysfunction in the microbiome. Disease-causing microbes accumulate over time, changing gene activity and metabolic processes and resulting in an abnormal immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body.
Autoimmune diseases appear to be passed in families not by DNA inheritance but by inheriting the family’s microbiome.
For example, the gut microbiome is different between obese and lean twins. Obese twins have a lower diversity of bacteria, and higher levels of enzymes, meaning the obese twins are more efficient at digesting food and harvesting calories. Obesity has also been associated with a poor combination of microbes in the gut.
Type I diabetes is an autoimmune disease associated with a less diverse gut microbiome. In animal studies, bacteria play a role in developing diabetes.
Dust from homes with dogs may reduce the immune response to allergens and other asthma triggers by changing the composition of the gut microbiome. Infants who live in homes with dogs have been found to be less likely to develop childhood allergies.
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT or fecal transplantation) is a clinical procedure that restores healthy bacteria in the colon by introducing stool by colonoscopy or enema from a healthy human donor. Potentially fatal Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) have been cured using FMT to restore healthy gut microbiota. FMT is also used to treat colitis, constipation, and irritable bowel syndrome.
